Payments to farmers are currently under review as a result of our forthcoming departure from the EU. It will ultimately be up to the UK government to decide what farmers get paid, or more importantly perhaps, what they get paid for. Leaving aside the production of abundant, affordable and nutritious food, what do UK tax payers expect from farmers in return for their financial support?
Through the life of our EU membership, wildlife conservation has been a primary focus for agri-environment schemes, and this continues to be a major concern for a substantial proportion of the population. Landscape is another. An abundant supply of clean drinking water is a fundamental requirement of the population as a whole and becomes increasingly challenging as that population increases, and changes in rainfall patterns influence reservoir storage. Most recently though, it has been the frequency of major flood events that has risen up the popular and political agenda.
Farmers are also concerned about the
increased frequency of intense storms in recent years. Apart from the flooding of low lying
farmland, intense storm events cause water-logging and compaction of soils
which, in turn, result in deterioration in soils, increases in weed burdens,
reduced crop yields, and increases in input costs. All of this reduces both farm profitability and
the production of our food. Getting
water off the land through improved drainage is an increasing priority for many
farmers.
So what can farmers do to reduce, rather
than accentuate flood risk downstream? Over
the next five years, we will be addressing this question as part of our
research in the Water Friendly Farming project, a landscape scale experiment
with the Freshwater Habitats Trust which started in 2012 and involves three headwater catchments.
While effective drainage on our clay
soils is essential, there is scope to improve the water holding capacity of the
soil above the level of the field drains.
Improved soil management that reduces compaction and increases organic
matter and biological activity improves conditions for crops, but also
increases the capacity of the soil to hold water when it rains. Even greater benefits can arise from reduced soil erosion because of the associated reduction in sedimentation of drainage channels downstream. This is all very much easier to say than to
achieve in practice, but we are providing farmers with whatever support we can to help them achieve this
over the coming years. In doing so, we can draw on our own practical and research experience at Loddington, and on specialist advice from others.
We have already been surveying some fields for soil compaction, organic matter and earthworm abundance, all of which influence both flood risk and crop performance, and sharing this information with farmers.
We have already been surveying some fields for soil compaction, organic matter and earthworm abundance, all of which influence both flood risk and crop performance, and sharing this information with farmers.
Recently constructed permeable dam in the Water Friendly Farming project study area |
There is also scope for holding back
water in ditches and small streams by using permeable
dams. Such dams can often be relatively simple to install and permit water to flow normally uderneath them for most of the time,
but hold it back when the water level rises during heavy rain. Retaining
water in headwaters, even if only for a couple of hours, can reduce flood risk
downstream. We have just started
installing such dams in one of the two treatment catchments in our Water
Friendly Farming study area, using locally sourced timber and a local
contractor.
We are using a combination of hydrological modeling by Colin Brown at York University, on-site observation, and guidance from catchment farmers to inform the siting of the dams. The objectives are always to maintain base flow, optimise water storage during storms, and avoid impacts on productive land.
We are using a combination of hydrological modeling by Colin Brown at York University, on-site observation, and guidance from catchment farmers to inform the siting of the dams. The objectives are always to maintain base flow, optimise water storage during storms, and avoid impacts on productive land.
Over the coming years, we will continue
to provide whatever support we can to help farmers in the study area to improve
soil management, and we will install permeable dams where it is feasible and
effective to do so. By continuing to
monitor flow at the base of the three study catchments, and comparing these
data with data already collected as part of our ongoing research, we will be
able to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in terms of reduced downstream flood risk. Such data, and our experiences along the way,
will help to inform the development of policy that enables farmers to be
rewarded for carrying out work on their land which has benefits for people
living far beyond the farm boundary.
It's great that you publish such posts.
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